Following the military coup on 1st February 2021, the human rights situation across Myanmar has been deteriorating each day, developing from a political crisis to what the United Nations recently described as a “multi-dimensional Human Rights catastrophe”.
Myanmar’s military, the Tatmadaw, is plunging the country into chaos, committing grave human rights violations including unlawful use of force against peaceful demonstrators, arbitrary arrests, detention, and torture. Independent media have been banned and access to the internet and social media cut off. Since the coup, nearly 900 people have been killed, including children and medical staff, and thousands of people arbitrarily detained by the Tatmadaw. A staggering 200,000 have been forced to flee their homes because of violent Tatmadaw raids on neighbourhoods and villages.
The people of Myanmar have shown incredible resilience and continued to peacefully protest despite the heavy military crackdown. Many, including young generations, are daily risking their lives, challenging arrest, torture, and detention with the ultimate aim of restoring democracy. At the same time, lives of the millions of people in Myanmar are exposed to the higher risk of Covid-19 infections and fatality, as national efforts to combat against the pandemic including vaccination programme have been thrown into disarray by the military coup and its oppression and offensive since then.
At the regional and international levels, countries have condemned the military takeover. Several countries have been pursuing efforts to end the crisis. In June, the UN General Assembly adopted a resolution calling States to “prevent the flow of arms” into the country. But this is nowhere near enough. A series of more robust and coordinated actions from the international community and the UN Bodies is needed to isolate the military junta and restore democracy and rule of law in the country.
First, the international community must refrain from any measures that risked lending legitimacy to the military regime. To this end, states should abstain from giving diplomatic recognition to the military junta. Instead, countries should maintain diplomatic relations with, and give recognition to, the people-elected National Unity Government of Myanmar. Its legitimacy to represent Myanmar in this juncture must be duly recognised by the UN Bodies, especially UN General Assembly. In addition, the international community should cut all support or any connection to the junta. This includes imposing economic sanctions against the military and related companies as well as a global arms embargo on Myanmar to prevent further escalation of violence and offensives by the military.
Second, accountability for grave human rights violations committed by the Tatmadaw, not only since the coup, but also in the past, must be ensured. States should support an independent international investigation by the UN bodies and hold those responsible for serious human rights violations and abuses accountable.
Third, the international community must provide neutral and impartial humanitarian assistance to those on the ground as a matter of priority. As the UN’s World Food Programme recently warned, up to 3.4 million more people could go hungry in the coming months due to the economic disruption caused by the political crisis – on top of 2.8 million people considered food insecure before the coup. States should ensure the prompt delivery of humanitarian assistance to those suffering, based on need only and without channelling aid through the military.
Tremendous efforts were made in the last ten years by the people of Myanmar to make democracy and human rights a reality. Steps were taken to ratify the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and Convention against Torture (CAT). The international community must act now to prevent these vital progressive steps being completely lost.
The United Nations bodies, including the Security Council, the General Assembly and the Human Rights Council should keep Myanmar high on their agenda, ensure momentum is maintained; and take urgent and effective actions to end the suffering of millions of people in the country.
In this context, it was vital that the Human Rights Council decided to hold two crucial Interactive Dialogues (IDs) with the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights and the Special Rapporteur on Myanmar on 6 and 7 July respectively. The people in Myanmar are in urgent need of international intervention to save their lives and protect their rights against the military atrocity. Postponing such important discussion, as suggested by some States (with questionable purpose and ground), can amount to the neglect of the duty of the Council. Similarly, the General Assembly must take decisions immediately and recognise the National Unity Government as the representative of the people of Myanmar.
On Monday 12 of July, the UN Human Rights Councill will adopt a resolution on Myanmar. States should advocate for the strongest possible text outlining the measures listed above and pave the way for the prompt restoration of democracy and rule of law. Justice is a must. Accountability is a must.
As highlighted by the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Michelle Bachelet: “Time is of the essence. The opportunity to reverse the military takeover is narrowing and the risk of a large-scale civil war is real.”
The time to act is now.
